Contents

UNIT-1: PHILOSOPHY: Nature, Scope, Branches and Methods                                                       9
Meaning of Philosophy, Definitions of Philosophy, The Origin of Philosophy, The Nature of Philosophy, The Scope of Philosophy, Branches of Philosophy: Epistemology, Metaphysics, Axiology, The Method of Philosophy: Dogmatic Method, Critical Method, Sceptical method, Dialectical Method, Intuitive Method, Philosophy and Science, Philosophy and Religion
UNIT-2: Theories of Knowledge: Rationalism, Empiricism and Critical Theory                          63
Rationalism, Characteristics of Rationalism, Doctrine of Innate Ideas, Historical Context of the Doctrine of Innate Ideas, Arguments for Innate Ideas, Refutation of Innate Ideas, Empiricism as a Theory of the Origin of Knowledge, Features of Empiricism, Difference between Rationalism and Empiricism, Critical Theory of Knowledge, Features of Critical Theory
UNIT-3: Categories of Knowledge: Space-Time, Causality, Substance                                      105
Category of Knowledge: Its Meaning, Nature of space, The Origin of the idea of Space, Kant's Arguments for the A Priori Nature of Space:, The Nature of Time, The Origin of the Idea of Time, The Nature of Causality, Characteristics of Causality, The Rationalist Perspective on Causality, The Empiricist Perspective on Causality, The Origin of the Idea of Causality, The Nature of Substance, Philosophical Perspectives on Substance, The Origin of the Idea of Substance
UNIT-4: Realism And Idealism                                                                                                            149
Realism, Characteristics of Realism, Different Forms of Realism, Naive Realism or Popular Realism, Characteristics of Naïve Realism, Scientific Realism or Representationalism, Characteristics of Scientific Realism, Difference between Primary Quality and Secondary Quality, Idealism, Characteristics of Idealism, Forms of Idealism, Subjective Idealism, Core Principles of Berkeley's Subjective Idealism, Implications of Berkeley's Subjective Idealism, Is Berkeley a Solipsist?, Hegel's Objective Idealism, Phenomenalistic Idealism (Kant)